A perfect example is science. It has countless theories but very few laws simply because some things may be irrefutable in their reliability but there's always that small chance it could be proven wrong.
While it's true that the scientific method allows for science to be revised when new, significant data shows up, this isn't what "theory" and "law" refer to. In science, the term "theory" doesn't mean "hypothesis", and a "law" is not some sort of graduated theory. A law just describes a consistent observation. An educated guess is called a hypothesis. When one or more hypotheses withstand the rigor of the scientific method, and can sever as a model that explains the observations, then that's a theory. Newton's Second Law of Motion is a law (F=ma) and gravitational theory is a theory, but it has nothing to do with difference in certainty.
Personally I thought biologist
Stephen Jay Gould put it best:
...facts and theories are different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the world's data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. Facts don't go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them. Einstein's theory of gravitation replaced Newton's in this century, but apples didn't suspend themselves in midair, pending the outcome. And humans evolved from ape-like ancestors whether they did so by Darwin's proposed mechanism or by some other yet to be discovered.
Moreover, "fact" doesn't mean "absolute certainty"; there ain't no such animal in an exciting and complex world. [...] In science "fact" can only mean "confirmed to such a degree that it would be perverse to withhold provisional consent." I suppose that apples might start to rise tomorrow, but the possibility does not merit equal time in physics classrooms.
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Reverend Bill M.
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